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TFTC #48 Tree climber Rescue & emergency preparedness: Arborist Rescue Scenarios

Arborculture Canada Training and Education LT by DJ Neustater Jun 16th 2025
With so many advances in modern tree care equipment, the most uncertain part of a climbing system is often your anchor point in the tree.
This is part three of the top tools every climber needs. We've covered saddles, climbing lines, a climbing system, loop runners, carabiners, foot ascenders, lanyards, and helmets, handsaws.

8 Possible Scenarios

Comprehending possible outcomes is crucial for efficient rescue readiness. A proficient tree climber rescuer must make informed decisions and demonstrate sound judgment. This requires a thorough understanding of arborist rescue circumstances. Various rescue situations can emerge from a range of common arborist activities. As a rescuer learns and refines their judgment on which rescue method to apply, they must be well-versed in the fundamental principles that inform their strategy.

Remember “accidents are not random acts but highly organized outcomes of complex systems” (Gonzales, 2017) in other words; the little things build on each other and can ultimately lead to a major accident or incident.


1. Self Rescue

Self-rescue is based on the concept of having an escape route readily available. It is essential to always ensure there is a means of exit. In cases where a climber sustains a minor injury or experiences symptoms like a small cut, cold extremities, or dizziness, having an immediate escape option can conserve valuable time for both the individual and the team. Without the ability to self-rescue, even minor issues can escalate into serious emergencies. This underscores the critical importance of self-rescue. It is vital to avoid situations where an efficient and timely exit is not possible. When climbing, always utilize a primary life support system with a verified rope length that allows for a safe return to the ground at any moment. This system should be continuously installed and utilized throughout the climb, ensuring it is prepared for use if necessary.

Person using climbing gear on a tree with safety equipment.

2. Ground Assisted rescue

In certain situations, it may be essential for crew members to aid in the safe descent of a climber. Various systems and techniques can be employed to achieve this objective. The fundamental principle of ground-assisted rescue is that team members possess the ability to securely lower an individual from an elevated position, ensuring they are placed in a safe, appropriate, and comfortable location.


3. Spar-Pole/Trunk/Palm Rescue

Spur climbing is a widely utilized method for ascending trees, particularly for removal tasks. The scenario of a spar pole rescue is a realistic situation that merits practice, as many tree service companies regularly engage in such removals. Rescuing an individual who is incapacitated while using spurs presents distinct challenges. A primary concern is lifting the weight of the individual off the spurs, which can frequently become embedded deeply in the wood.


4. Pick-Off/Transfer Rescue

If the life support system of the patient climber is compromised or absent, the rescuer may need to either establish a new system, restore the existing one, or execute a pick-off technique. Prior to undertaking any of these actions, several critical factors must be considered, including additional weight, friction management, and the overall functionality of the system. During a pick-off, the rescuer will secure and load the patient directly into their own system. While pick-offs can be efficient, failing to adhere to proper protocols and techniques can significantly increase risks for both the rescuer and the patient. If a pick-off is not feasible, transferring the patient to a separate system may be a more prudent choice. This process involves bringing in an additional system that can be safely installed and then connected to the patient climber. Alternatively, if the rescuer determines that the patient’s current system components are functional and safe, simply reconfiguring and reinstalling the existing system may be an appropriate solution.


5. Trapped & Pinned Rescue

A climber becoming trapped and pinned can happen in various environments, not solely while aloft in trees. When such incidents take place in a tree, the rescue protocol faces specific challenges. The climber may be pinned or crushed by debris, machinery, or other objects. Ensuring the stabilization of both the individual and the object is crucial for the health of the patient, as well as the safety of the rescuers and their team. It is vital not to hastily remove any object that is compressing or pinning the patient, as this could lead to a sudden deterioration in their condition. Without appropriate medical interventions readily available, this could significantly decrease the chances of survival. In situations where a person is trapped and pinned, adhering to the protocols established by a higher medical authority regarding the timing and method of object removal is essential. Rescues involving trapped and pinned individuals present a range of unique and complex challenges, often requiring a highly coordinated response, which complicates preparation efforts.


6. Re-Directed Rescue

A climber may find themselves significantly distanced from the central tie-in point or another tree, creating a challenging scenario. This situation can complicate the rescuer's access line, which, while close to the patient’s tie-in point, remains far from the patient’s actual location. In a re-directed rescue, it is crucial for the climber to assess the angles and loads affecting the anchor points that provide life support. Various techniques can be employed to safely and effectively redirect and transfer either the rescuer, the patient, or both to a designated area. This process often involves horizontal redirection or transfer along a system in a controlled and secure manner. Re-directed rescues are particularly useful for establishing contact with a patient when the climber is positioned at a considerable distance from the rescue access line. Additionally, this method can facilitate the horizontal transfer of the patient down a system, which is beneficial for evacuating areas where a direct vertical descent is not feasible.

Two people in harnesses working on a tree with safety gear and instructions.

7. Open Canopy Rescue

It is crucial to evaluate the canopy and tree species in the context of an arborist emergency rescue situation. Various tree species possess distinct structural characteristics, which can influence the effectiveness of the rescue operation. Always ensure that these factors are taken into account prior to initiating the rescue. This includes the final two scenarios, open and confined canopy rescue.


8. Confined Canopy Rescue

To effectively practice and prepare, a climber must possess an understanding of all mentioned various rescue scenarios and principles. This knowledge will enhance decision-making during an arborist rescue emergency. Sound judgment is crucial for ensuring the safety of all involved and for the successful execution of a rescue operation.

Birds perched on branches within a tree.

Thank you to the following contributors

All organizations, individuals, and publications mentioned herein are acknowledged for their valuable contributions and support of this article series. We extend our gratitude for the various photo credits, content, and reviews provided by those listed below. Your support, service, and commitment to safety are greatly appreciated.

References

Arboriculture Canada Training & Education, (Since 1999). Entire ArborCanada Team.Engström, A. Primary Care Paramedic (PCP) & Member of T.E.A.A.M.Fire Rescue, H.V.F.D. (2024). Highlands Volunteer Fire Department. Highlands, British Columbia, Canada.John Ball, PH.D., CTSP (2022). Tree Worker Safety Update By the Numbers: Another Us vs. Them. TCIA.T.E.A.A.M, (2025). Technical Evacuation Advanced Aero Medical. TEAAM. Canada.Tree Climber Rescue & Emergency Preparedness, (2024). ArborCanada Workbook. Tresselt, T. (2024). Director of Training & Education. Arboriculture Canada Training & Education. Canada.

Logo of Arboriculture Canada Training & Education Ltd. with a maple leaf.